Posts Tagged ‘politics’

Targets In Archery

Saturday, May 14th, 2011

Archery can be classed as a sport or a hobby and it has its own category at the Olympic Games. Archers either hunt wild game animals or shoot at targets or both. If you aim at targets in a competition, it is the collective score of all your arrows that is used to work out your rank in that competition. The nearer the centre of the target that the arrow strikes, the higher the tally.

Target archery can also be sub-divided into two categories: field archery and target archery. In target archery, the archer stands in a preset spot. If there are a number of archers, they can stand in a row and all shoot together on command from the person in charge of enforcing the rules and safety. Any kind of bow can usually be used in target archery, although only compound bows may be used in the Olympic Games.

In field archery, the targets are of different sizes and are placed at different distances. The archer moves around the course, so there is no one set shooting spot. The targets may be the well-known round targets with concentric rings or they may be life-size effiges of wild animals like mountain lions, deer and rabbits.

The bows used in field archery are more often than not traditional type bows: longbows, flat bows and recurves, although archers may use any bow that they want. When stalking live animals, compound bows are normally used because they are smaller, so more manoeuvrable, yet they are still extremely powerful.

Archery targets are conventionally made from straw bundled and tied together to make ropes. These ropes of straw are then wrapped around themselves like a Catherine Wheel and stitched together. The cloth or paper target is pinned to the front of it.

The other word for these targets is ‘butts’ and many old towns and villages in Britain still have a recreational area known as ‘The Butts’. Nowadays they play football or cricket on it, but Henry VIII decreed that all males had to practice his archery skills every Sunday at the butts using a longbow, so that there would be a plentiful source of archers for his army.

In competition archery, every archer shoots at his or her own target, but every archer is expected to have exclusively coloured flights, so that if there is a problem an archer and the arrow can be known. This is useful for retrieving arrows that have missed the target altogether.

There are usually six arrows shot by each competitor in a series and if they are to be shot from a variety of distances, it is usual to shoot from the furthest distance first. Men normally shoot from 90, 70, 50 and 30 metres, while women customarily shoot from 70, 60, 50 and 30 metres.

Archery as a sport appears to be growing in popularity, especially as there is a tendency in some countries, like the UK, to make it more difficult to obtain a gun license. They say that fashion goes around and comes back again, well British men are back at the butts working on their archery skills again in greater numbers than there have been since possibly the sixteenth century.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on various subjects, but is currently concerned with archery bows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – For American Civil War Enthusiasts

Wednesday, May 4th, 2011

If you are at all interested in either Pennsylvania or American history, you will surely have heard of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and the historic activities that took place there for the period of the American Civil War. The three day long battle that took place there in July 1863 was cruel and bloody, but was hailed as a victory for the Unionist North.

Even so, one quick look in the Union Army burial ground in the Gettysburg National Cemetery on Cemetery Hill will persuade you that the victory came at a very high price. The cost in human life and human suffering was enormous on both sides. Later in the same year, Abraham Lincoln gave a discourse which was to become renowned throughout the world as the Gettysburg Address.

These days, the Gettysburg National Military Park is a tranquil place, but it acts as a moving reminder of the battle that was fought, the strategies employed, the heroism of the combatants and the readiness of military leaders to sacrifice the common soldier for political objectives.

If you go to the Gettysburg National Military Park, you would do well to start your tour in the visitors’ centre. There you will be able to pick up books, pamphlets and leaflets to help you orientate yourself when you are on the battlefield, even if you are familiar with how and where the actual battle was fought.

If you think that it would be too much for you to work things out for yourself or if you do not have much time, you could join one of the regular guided tours. If you are somewhere in between these two positions, you could first watch a film in the Cycloarma Center, where there are also historical items recovered from the battleground on the numerous excavations that have taken place over the nearly 150 years since the battle at Gettysburg took place. If you do not look around the museum before you go on to the battleground, you ought to look later.

If you are visiting Gettysburg to enlighten your children about that most important era of American history, you should first check out the special interest programmes accessible to 7-12 year olds in the warmer summer months. One programme allows children to enlist in the army of 1863 for an hour in order to get a feel for what it was like for soldiers of the day and what it was like for the children that helped them go into battle.

Another programme consists of a story-teller recounting stories of what it was like to be a youngster in the days of the Civil War and the role that kids played both in the war and in civilian life in those days.

Gettysburg is a fascinating place to go to whether your family was involved in the battle there or not. Many of the combatants’ names and place names like Devil’s Den and Cemetery Hill will already be known to you and a visit to the Gettysburg National Military Park will bring them back to life for you.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece writes on many topics, but is currently concerned with thinking about the Poconos International Raceway in Pennsylvania. If you would like to know more or check out some great offers, please go to our website at Poconos Vacations.

Berkhamsted Castle, Cornwall

Saturday, April 30th, 2011

The precise origin of Berkhamsted Castle is unclear. It was almost certainly built by Robert, Count of Mortain and Earl of Cornwall, who was the half-brother of King William I. Robert prospered from the Norman Conquest in 1066 and grew even more rich over the following years.

However, his son made a big mistake by backing Robert of Normandy against King Henry I. Henry confiscated the castle and its grounds and put it up for rent. Various wealthy families rented it from time to time, one of whom was Thomas Becket.

Berkhamsted Castle is of the classic design for its age in that it is a motte and bailey castle. The motte is a tall conical rise of earth on which would stand the last line of defence, the keep. Two ditches surround the bailey with a rampart in between. The ditches may or may not have been full of water.

The motte and bailey and its keep were the ancient equivalent of a contemporary strong or safe room. If the outer concentric walls of the castle were breached, the family living in the castle and their most trusted soldiers would flee into the keep and raise the drawbridge. Any would-be attackers now had to approach over open ground, in effect a killing field.

Then the invaders would have to cross a ditch or a moat under heavy fire, climb over a rampart and swim another moat. If they got that far they would face a sheer keep wall with no windows doors or toe-holds whilst a withering shower of rocks and arrows poured down upon them from a great height.

The keep at Berkhamsted Castle has been removed quite some time ago. It has to be kept in mind that castles were symbols of foreign oppression and were fiercely hated by the indigenous locals. The first castles or forts really were Roman; then came, Saxon forts and castles and finally Norman castles – all owned by marauding foreigners.

So once a castle was destroyed or badly damaged, it was not unusual for the locals to pillage the ruins in order to build a new cottage for their family or a new cowshed for their livestock. It was easier to steal the rocks from the rundown castle than quarry them themselves. So, the original rocks that made up Berkhamsted Castle are almost certainly to be discovered under centuries of plaster in the near-by local farmhouses.

Having said that, there are still sections of the original flint wall from the era of Thomas Becket’s occupancy of the castle. The bits of stone were almost certainly too small to be worth pinching.

The remnants of three semi-circular towers flank this wall which ran from the motte to the bailey. They too lie in ruins although the foundations show what they were. There are also the ruins of a barbican at the north end of the bailey.

There are hundreds, if not thousands of castles in the United Kingdom. Most of them lie in ruins but some are very well conserved and some are even still occupied, like Windsor Castle for instance.

Owen Jones, the author of this article, writes on several subjects, but is now concerned with the bouncy castles for sale. If you would like to know more, please visit our website at Bouncy House Rentals

Archery As A Pastime And A Sport

Monday, April 25th, 2011

We are all being encouraged to get out more frequently, so many people are searching for a reason for doing it. You could undertake a spectator sport like football, but that is not really going to do your body much good, you should be looking for a participation sport.

If you are younger, then play soccer by all means, but if you are getting on a little, you will most likely be looking for a sport that is not quite so taxing. Men like to take aim and shoot things even if not kill them. Golf is an option, but I want to suggest that you give archery a try.

Archery has the edge over shooting a gun because it requires some physical fitness. It is not just a question of pulling, sorry, squeezing a trigger. If you take up archery, you will most likely want to develop some more upper-body strength, especially if the heaviest work you have done for the last twenty years is pick up a pen.

Archery is an all-round sport in many ways, depending on how much you get into it. The majority of novices will start out by going to an archery club and joining in for the day. People will lend them a bow and teach them the safety aspects and the correct way to hold a bow and shoot an arrow. This should give you a good notion of which kind of bow you would like.

After a week or two, you may purchase your own bow and you may move from indoor target archery to outdoor target archery or even field archery, which is simulated hunting. From there, you will almost definitely meet people who take archery a step further. You will meet competition archers, bow hunters and people who assemble their own equipment.

You may find one of these aspects of archery fascinating. You may take up bow hunting or even bow fishing. This will take you off at a tangent, because you will have to learn about the animals that you stalk. You will have to learn where they live and what their habits are. This involves research.

Or you can take up the archery equivalent of clay pigeon shooting, which is called field archery. In field archery, the archers walk around a course and replica animals or standard targets will become visible at diverse distances. This is enjoyable.

You will also meet individuals who like to make their own arrows or even their own bows. This is another fascinating feature of archery. You can purchase the different components that go to make up an arrow and you can buy a kit to make a bow or you can start from scratch with an axe, a knife and a lathe. Again you will need to do a lot of research, in order to get your archery equipment just the way you want it.

This will take you down yet another tangent to archery, but it will improve your understanding of archery, augment your pleasure in the sport and, as they say, add another string to your bow.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece writes on several subjects, but is currently involved with longbows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

Archery Tips For Beginners

Saturday, November 13th, 2010

There are two main points that an archer has to do well to guarantee the best chance of consistently hitting the target. The first is to hold the string stable at full draw until the archer is ready to shoot and secondly, releasing the string in the correct manner every time. Most suggestions for beginners should help the novice to achieve these two states.

‘Creep’ is the first issue that a novice should guard against. Creep is the phenomenon of the arrow, string and hand creeping forward as the archer takes aim. It is important to hold the arrow at full draw for consistency. If the archer permits the hand to creep forward, the shot will not be constant. Creep is caused by lack of concentration and strain.

The strain comes from trying to shoot a bow that the archer is not yet strong enough to control. People, especially men often attempt to shoot a bow that is too powerful for them. If an archer is experiencing creep, the bow is probably too powerful for him or her at the moment. The archer should use a weaker bow and exercise more until they are stronger.

The effects of creep on the shot are that the archer will not learn how to determine the fall of the arrow over distance and so will almost certainly undershoot, that is, the arrow will possibly fall short. The only way to learn how to use the bow properly is to always shoot at full draw.

Weariness can also lead to creep, but the archer can regulate this by resting well before a competition, staying fit and not using a bow that takes so much muscle that it cannot be shot for the duration of the competition.

The beginner archer has to learn how to let go of the arrow as well. It is much more difficult to hit the target if the release is not right. The novice should get an experienced archer to give a demonstration of the release so that he or she does not develop bad habits. The correct way to release the string is to relax the muscles in the tips of the fingers used to draw the string.

Novices often hurt their fingers after a couple of releases, so they try to let go of the string too quickly which can lead to pulling the string to the side a little. This little wobble can send the arrow off course.

The release should be clean and to the rear of the arrow, not to the side. If the release is to the rear, the arrow will fly accurately to where the archer pointed it. If the archer is having a great deal of trouble toughening up the finger tips, it is possible to use a string release device, which will take the strain off the finger tips until they can be toughened up.

An archer could try the karate techniques of hardening the skin and the hand. One of these is to thrust the straight fingers into sand. An archer could also try a guitarists’ method, that of daubing the finger tips with methylated spirits from time to time.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on various subjects, but is presently involved with longbows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

Archery Dealers On And Off Line

Wednesday, November 3rd, 2010

Do you have a leisure pursuit that you like to carry out out of doors or are you permanently stuck to the chair in front of your computer? If you never get out, then that is a shame and you ought to take that common piece of advice and get out more often .

And do what? – you may ask. Yes, well that is your concern, is it not? But there are hundreds if not thousands of things that you can do in the open air and they are all better than sitting down in front of your computer no matter what you are doing with your PC.

I will admit that I spend too much time at my desk, although, in my defense, I will say that that is how I make my living. However, I do like to get out-of-doors sometimes as well. I live in a country where foreigners, such as myself, are not permitted to own or carry anything that might be thought of as a weapon. This encompasses penknives as well.

When I go out into the glorious countryside it is only to stroll with my wife and look for animals – mostly snakes and birds.. However, I have had a lifelong fascination for archery.

Something within me desires to be able to hit a target from a long distance. I do not want to kill anything, but I am alright with people who do so long as it is for a good reason.

It would be fantastic to make a bow and the arrows to go with it. I am Welsh and have always wanted a Welsh longbow, although it requires a great deal of strength to pull a longbow. The minimum draw weight in medieval days used to be 160 lbs for a war bow, for hunting it was 100 lbs, but these days it is more like 60 lbs.

However, this is still pretty heavy for modern man, who does not usually pick up anything weightier than a pint of beer.

There are some great archery dealers, but if you do not live near one, you ought to go on line and either order from there or get a catalogue sent to you. Two good places to begin are ‘Footed Shaft’ and ‘Three Rivers’ archery suppliers.

Both of these companies will send you your chosen goods through the post and they have any type of archery equipment that you could require. For example, they have finished goods such as bows and arrows, but they also supply nocks, feathers, arrow shafts and points so that you can create your own arrows.

Do you want to make your own bow as well? No problem. You can either purchase a kit with all the bits and instructions or you can buy a book or DVD and buy the parts yourself.

These and other on line archery supplies dealers offer good value for money and have very wide-ranging stocks of archery products. Their catalogues and web sites are easy to browse and use as well.

Owen Jones, the writer of this article writes on various subjects, but is presently involved with archery recurve bows. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

Stained Glass Through The Ages

Sunday, October 31st, 2010

No one actually knows when stained glass was first invented because it happened before people started recording history. However, some historians reckon that it was first used as a luxury in the homes of affluent Romans in the first century AD. Stained glass was eventually acclaimed as an art form in the fourth century as Christians started to worship candidly and to construct elaborate churches in which to celebrate their religion.

On the other hand, some historians demonstrate that there are signs in pre-Christian ruins that suggest that pagans used stained glass in their rites. Although we will probably never really know the start of stained glass, it is fairly clear that the spread of Christianity is directly related to the spread of use of stained glass.

The Gothic Era started in the 12th Century and stained glass windows became an essential element in the design of cathedrals. It really all started with the innovative style of the St. Denis, France, where stained glass windows were employed to convey light into the church itself and into the minds of its worshipers. Sadly, most of the stained glass in the St. Denis Cathedral was destroyed in the course of the French Revolution, but there are a few pieces left and even some complete windows on exhibit in Europe.

Gothic style stained glass was composed of strong lines, but these gradually went out of fashion as the Renaissance commenced. During the Renaissance, artisans showed greater detail and more delicate colouring in order to add to the realism. Stained glass windows became more like paintings on glass than architectural elements and some of the notable elements such as lead lines disappeared. Because of the problems in expressing the great detail essential to the Renaissance era, the old style, which was true stained glass almost died out.

Since stained glass was used by and large by the Catholic Church, much of the work was smashed during the reign of King Henry VIII after his split with the Pope. However, not only old stained glass windows were damaged, but many of the glass making works were sabotaged too. However, religious strife was not the only cause of the decline of stained glass.

The fashion of the Baroque era was for more detailed murals, which meant the use of clear glass. Therefore, many of the remaining stained glass windows were allowed to fall into disrepair, and furthermore not many new stained glass windows were produced. In the late 17th century, the public mood returned to the Gothic style of architecture, which produced a renewed fascination in stained glass windows.

Artisans still tried to paint directly onto the glass at first, but later tried to imitate the old leaden frames of medieval times. However, since the earlier methods had not been used for such a long time, they had grown to be forgotten and the artisans of the period were unable to reconstruct the exact designs used in Gothic stained glass.

In the 19th century, La Farge and Tiffany created new kinds of stained glass. La Farge tended towards window designs, while Tiffany went into new areas like the Tiffany lamp shade.

Nowadays, stained glass artists are not limited by religious doctrines, although much of the work they do involves restoration. Modern stained glass is also used as the centre pane in front doors, especially uPVC doors, by rich and poor equally in the West.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with Waterford crystal vases. If you have an interest in Irish crystal or wedding rings, please go to our website now at White Gold Claddagh Ring

Archery Bows: Some Aspects

Wednesday, October 13th, 2010

Archery played a large role in human daily life for thousands of years from ancient times until about 1750, when the gun began to replace it for hunting and warfare quite rapidly. Societies all over Europe, north Africa, like Egypt, Persia (Iran), India, China and Japan remember their most skillful archers. I am sure that other countries do as well.

Wales had Twm Sion Catty; England created Robin Hood and Switzerland memorializes William Tell. Greek and Trojan archers are told of by name in Homer’s ‘Iliad’. Archers all over the world were thought of as popular heroes like footballers are today.

It seems that bows were first invented in different parts of the world practically simultaneously in the late Paleolithic Age or the early Mesolithic Age. It is remarkable that different forms of bows were invented by the different peoples around the world and each type of bow was invented to match the style of warfare that that people conducted and to the environment in which they hunted.

There are too many types of bow to explain them all here, but some of the most common archery bows are: the longbow, flatbow, shortbow, recurve bow, compound bow and crossbow.

The longbow and the flatbow are similar in size, both can be six feet or more in length, but the cross section of the longbow is ‘D’ shaped, whereas that of a flatbow is rectangular. A flatbow is usually wider than a longbow. Both can shoot heavy 36 inch arrows long distances with great force – enough to pierce the armour of the Middle Ages from 250-300 yards.

The shortbow is shorter, as you might gather from its name. It is a short range bow, used for hunting small animals in areas where a large bow would be too unwieldy such as in woods or forests.

The compound bow is also a shorter bow, but it is extremely powerful because the limbs are not very supple. In order to flex the limbs, use is made of a system of pulleys or cams.

This gives the compound bow enough power (more than 50 pound draw weight) to permit it to be used to hunt larger game such as deer or bear. The compound bow is a new style, which was only invented in 1966.

Recurve bows have tips that ‘point the wrong way’ when the bow is unstrung. This gives the recurve more power inch for inch than the long or flatbow, allowing it to be used as an effective weapon for warfare or hunting from horseback.

Crossbows are specialized bows, which can be pre-loaded like a gun and shot later. In general, it requires less skill and physical strength to soot a crossbow.

The arrows are very important too. Arrows can be interchangeable between the bows to a limited extent, but the length should match the draw of the bow. Crossbow bolts are usually very short.

There are two kinds or shooting: instinctive and sight shooting. Sight shooting means using sights of some kind to aim, either by looking down the arrow or using optical fibre sights. Instinctive shooting is more demanding because it is intuitive. It cannot be learned, you have either got it or you ain’t.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on several subjects, but is currently concerned with compound hunting bows. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

Three Rivers Archery

Monday, October 11th, 2010

If you are American and you are keen on archery, you will probably have heard of Three Rivers Archery products. In Europe and the rest of the world, you most likely have not heard of them. Three Rivers Archery products are some of the finest in the world. In their own words, they specialize in longbows and recurve bows.

Three Rivers Archery also offers arrows and other archery equipment such as the materials to make or repair your own arrows. These materials include carbon fibre, wooden and aluminium arrow shafts, arrow heads, feathers and nocks. They also provide quivers, arrow rests, bow strings and everything else to do with archery.

The cost of these outstanding quality items is reasonable and professional archers, hunters, hobbyists and sports people all use Three Rivers Archery goods. There are types of archery equipment to suit every application and every pocket.

The equipment sold by Three Rivers Archery is of Olympic standard. That is to say that their recurve bows meet the requirements set by the Olympic committee. Their traditional selfbows are authentic replicas of original longbows.

The arrows are made of modern resources as well as timber. The modern composite arrows are often better because modern carbon fibre and aluminium alloys are better for producing arrow shafts than wood. That is hard to confess for a traditionalist, but modern carbon fibre and aluminium alloy arrows do not splinter like a wooden arrow might if shot from a heavy-duty longbow.

The steel arrow points that Three Rivers Archery has are far better than the old brass arrow tips as well. The old brass arrow tips would often buckle or dent, whereas these new steel points are practically unbreakable. They sell whistling steel points too, although I am not sure why anyone would want a whistling arrow point. What is the point?

If you are not sure where you can get hold of Three Rivers Archery goods, go online. They have an outstanding web site which is huge although still easy to navigate. If you are interested in archery, then I am sure that you could easily spend an hour or more just browsing the web site.

Their web site is very well laid out with distinct sections for every aspect of archery including ready-made items such as bows, arrows, paraphernalia and apparel; there are additional web pages on targets, quivers, accessories, books, DVD’s and adolescent archery. There are further web pages on medieval archery, hunting and bow making. There are even special offers only available to their web site visitors.

If that is not impressive, then there is a forum, an email service and an off-line catalogue. Three Rivers Archery will of course deliver your order to your door. You can order by post, by telephone or over the Internet.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on several subjects, but is presently concerned with archery recurve bows. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

Targets Used For Archery

Sunday, October 10th, 2010

Archery is about hitting a target with an arrow shot from a bow. The bow can either be an straight bow or a crossbow, although most people think of upright bows when they hear the word ‘archery’. Within the sport or hobby of target archery, there are two kinds: target archery and field archery. The champion is the archer with the highest combined score of his arrows that struck the target.

Target archery involves shooting arrows, usually six, from different distances typically 90, 70, 50 and 30 metres. The archers stand in a line before their targets beginning at 90 metres and shoot an arrow on the command of whoever is in charge.

Then they all move forward to the 70 metre mark and shoot again on the order and so on. After the six arrows have been shot, the archers proceed to their targets and add up their scores.

Field archery necessitates walking around a course where targets are set at a variety of distances. The targets can be the traditional round ones or they may be replicas of wild animals like rabbits, elk or bears.

Traditional targets are made from straw. Handfuls of straw are tied with string and crafted into a sort of rope. This rope is then wound around and around itself until a target of the right size has been crafted. The rope is held in situ either by pinning it or tying it. A canvas or paper target is then pinned to the front of it.

Target archery can be practiced outdoors or indoors and the target sizes are different to match the various distances. An outdoor archery target can be either 122 centimetres or 80 centimetres in diameter. The centre of this target is 24.4 centimetres in diameter and there are four concentric circles around this. The indoor target is 80 centimetres in diameter. The centre of this size target is 16 centimetres and also has four concentric rings around it.

Each ring is about eight centimetres wide on the smaller target. The targets are coloured gold in the centre, then red, blue, black and white. At the middle of the gold is what many archers call the ‘pinhole’.

It is a small cross of about two millimetres in width. The target should then be put on an easel or stand with a tilt of about 15 degrees. The pinhole ought to be 130 centimetres off the ground (plus or minus five centimetres).

If there is more than one bowman, the pinholes should all be at the same height off the ground and the targets should be clearly numbered. The shooting line should be clearly marked and an archer’s shooting spot should be clear too. Five yards behind the archer, there should be another line, behind which non-competitors may watch.

The danger zone between the archers and the targets should be cordonned off to prevent spectators wandering into the line of fire. Knowing that the spectators are kept well back helps the archers to focus on their archery.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on various subjects, but is currently involved with longbows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.